LTO-5 Basics

 

LTO 5 Evolution Chart

Questions remain about usability for small and medium sized businesses who wish to maintain their own back-up systems. Maintaining a library of tapes doesn’t have the same drag and drop ease as hard-disks. It is absolutely mandatory, for example, that the tapes must not be allowed to just sit on the shelf for long lengths of time, but rather must be run through the hardware on a regular basis (which also has the advantage of finding repairable errors.) On the other hand, 1 x 1017 error rates are enticing.

Researchers are developing systems to assist with making tape an easy part of the workflow: The Linear Tape File System (LTFS). LTFS is available to LTO-5 because if its new method of streaming data to the tape in a manner that allows partitioning. This is an evolving issue that should be monitored, or better yet, brought up in industry association meetings to share experiences and problems. See: LTO-5 and LTFS: Shaking the Pillars of Heaven

This is a good place to also mention the Pergamum project, which attempts to build an archive system from low-cost drives. They have exhibited at the last 2 NAB conventions. UCSC computer scientists develop solutions for long-term storage of digital data – UC Santa Cruz

Previous articles on the subject of Archiving:

IEEE (MSST2010) Symposium on Massive Storage Systems Papers Available

IVC/Point.360 Archive Development

Editshare Storage At IBC

Attached are some basic white papers and datasheets.

Scratched glasses give perfect vision

Zeev Zalevsky at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel, has developed a technique to turn a standard lens into one that perfectly focuses light from anything between 33 centimetres away and the horizon.

[Taken from New Scientist:
Scratched glasses give perfect vision for any eyesight – tech – 04 October 2010]

It involves engraving the surface of a standard lens with a grid of 25 near-circular structures each 2 millimetres across and containing two concentric rings. The engraved rings are just a few hundred micrometres wide and a micrometre deep. “The exact number and size of the sets will change from one lens to another,” depending on its size and shape, says Zalevsky.

The rings shift the phase of the light waves passing through the lens, leading to patterns of both constructive and destructive interference. Using a computer model to calculate how changes in the diameter and position of the rings alter the pattern, Zalevsky came up with a design that creates a channel of constructive interference perpendicular to the lens through each of the 25 structures. Within these channels, light from both near and distant objects is in perfect focus.

“It results in an axial channel of focused light, not a single focal spot,” Zalevsky says. “If the retina is positioned anywhere along this channel, it will always see objects in focus.”

Zalevsky has fitted one of his lenses to a cellphone camera to confirm the extended focus effect, and he has also tested the lenses on 12 volunteers (Optics Letters, vol 35, p 3066). He has now co-founded a company, Xceed Imaging, to develop the technology.

The approach is not without its problems, though: the interference pattern tends to cancel out some of the light passing through the lens, which reduces the contrast of images viewed through it. Pablo Artal of the University of Murcia, Spain, warns that if the contrast reduction becomes too large, the brain will struggle to interpret the information.

Zalevsky counters that people wearing the lenses do not notice a loss in contrast because the eye is very sensitive to light at low intensity. “Unlike a camera, the brain has a logarithmic and not linear [response to light].” He says that the brain adapts to and minimises the reduced contrast within a few seconds.

This is not the only way in which the brain must adapt to the new lenses. Fixed in a pair of glasses, the lenses would not move as the eye looked in different directions, so the focusing effect would be lost in the regions between the circles. But Zalevsky says that the eye learns to fill in the gaps as it moves from one engraved structure to another, generating a continuous effect.

H. Potter kills 3D; RED kills Low Dynamic Range

The previous Harry Potter movie was moved from December 2008 to July 2009. This time, instead of losing their December slot, thus pushing back a July 2011 Part II slot of the last Harry Potter movie, Warner Bros have decided not to wait to de-flatten the movie, but rather to release the movie in 2D on schedule. (So, close one eye to get some 3D feeling.)

 

Those who remember Warner Bros’ Clash of the Titans will say that this is a good move. One could also say that Clash was an outlier, that the technology they chose was not ready for prime time, that post groups are now better geared up to make stereoscopic 3 dimensional conversions…

See: 
 ‘Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part I’ Loses 3D Release « FirstShowing.net

Or perhaps this is just a great way for the studio to release a 2D version of both movies, get the 3D right, then re-release to a great new box office.


More amazing is this clip from RED showing their new HDRx™ software in action. You can read the entire thread, but the shot is taken in a dark dark barn, with wide open doors and bright desert light outside, and in the distance is a building with a person sitting on the stoop. It would be difficult to make this work as HDR for a still. But the shot in the clip also shows a moving person going from light to dark, and an amazing amount of detail in the dark. The colors aren’t graded, but the technology allows that each stream of dark and light could be worked on separately. A true game changer:

 

RED HDRx™ Walk Desert Barn scene

Request for Comments: DoJ: Movie Captioning, Video Description

Just above the questions that the Department of Justice requests answers to, is the paragraph:

Finally, the Department is considering proposing that 50% of movie screens would offer captioning and video description 5 years after the effective date of the regulation. The Department originally requested guidance on any such figure in its 2008 NPRM. Individuals with disabilities, advocacy groups who represented individuals with disabilities, and eleven State Attorneys General advocated that the Department should require captioning and video description 100% of the time. Representatives from the movie industry did not want any regulation regarding captioning or video description. A representative of a non-profit organization recommended that the Department adopt a requirement that 50% of movies being exhibited be available with captioning and video description. The Department seeks further comment on this issue and is asking several questions regarding how such a requirement should be framed.

Finally, to temper the conversation, we submit the comment that Suzanne Robitaille of ablebodied.com made in her article on finding a captioned version of Avatar: “Ironic, as Avatar is about a man with a disability.”

An RTF document of the questions are also attached. This author makes no claims on whether the two attachments have mistakes, but nothing was purposefully screwed with.

Related Items:
New Accessibility Law Passes | TV, Internet and ???
Presentation: Hearing and Vision Impaired Audiences and DCinema
Implementing Closed Caption and HI / VI in the evolving DCinema World

3D Wonders

Jeffrey Katzenberg’s desperation plea: Movie biz needs to make movies that look good in 3-D | The Big Picture | Los Angeles Times – Patrick Goldstein
WSJ – Clash of the Titans | Full-bodied takedown
2 articles already commented on Decline and Fall: 3D takes some knocks
Forbes’ Dorothy PomerantzShow Me the Money blog, described Katzenberg’s answer to his critics 

It is easy to agree and disagree with the 3D-bashing. First, this is another case of a technology’s sausage making evolving in public. Usually the steps progress logically. In the case of cinema 3D, Avatar showed what could be done 6 years in advance of what might have happened if natural progression had taken place. This affected all aspects from acquisition and post, and customer perception. Suddenly the bar is set high and movies still in post-production looked 2nd (or 3rd) rate in comparison. Upon these, people are making their judgement.

The part that Cameron didn’t handle was exhibition, though it is said that he tried to arrange for different master prints into auditoriums that could put out more light…which would have been splendid, because there is still a major technical problem of getting enough light to the eyes with 3D, which presents many implications that journalists just skim over (at best). But one point can’t be argued against; there are fewer reasons to forgive the evolution excuse when cinemas are charging extra for the experience, leaving them open to complaints. 

None of the professional critics have room to mention that the cinemas are spending 20 to 30 thousand for the extra 3D portion of the DCinema equipment, plus glasses, plus glasses cleaning equipment, plus the personnel to distribute and clean the glasses. Perhaps that isn’t being explained well by the professional marketeers, but the critic’s research should have figured this out. 

One the other hand, that some cinemas are using silver screens for 3D is just a horror in the making. These screens are made so that some seats get an optimum amount of light. Those outside of this “sweet spot”, which can be the majority of seats, see an inferior picture – a picture with so little light that it causes problems which have not been well researched, and about which people merely generalize.

That the cinemas are then showing 2D movies on these screens should get the SMPTE police on their tails, as well as invoke sanctions if the cinema has a VPF agreement which compels them to follow the DCI specs that call for uniform light across the screen beginning with 48 candela (14 foot Lamberts) in the center. (They are lucky if they get 10 candela now (3.5 ft/L).) As technical articles demonstrate, sitting anywhere off center … or even in the wrong rows depending on the slant of the projector and the screen … makes the already dark 3D image intolerable. People should get a discount instead of being charged more if they are in the wrong areas. See: 23 degrees…half the light. 3D What?

Laser Illuminated Projection Association (LIPA)

The real news of the month has been laser systems. First was an announcement that Laser Light Engines, LLC has received significant financing, including from the IMAX group, for taking their now working products to production. Then Kodak started inviting people to see their system – doubtlessly timed to get people as they went to ShowEast next week. Kodak are not only working to change the source of light, they are changing the entire light block. Their hope is that they can allow standard lenses in the digital cinema projector, knocking off a significant amount of the cost of the dcinema system. And, like with all laser systems, the energy waste a lot less than with the xenon bulbs in standard use.  

And finally, Sony is being shy, but showing that they will have cards to play…which was already obvious 18 and 12 months ago when they went public with their laser announcement(s). (The Science Of The Laser Projector | Sony Insider) There are other rumors of other companies that Sony might be working with – c’est possible. The news though is that they are working publicly to get the standards group that deals with lasers (The US Food and Drug Administration…go figure…) to create a new category named Laser-illuminated Projection. That, instead of the category that laser light shows are under.

Sony, Imax Tout Lasers in Cinema – 3D Cinecast/WSJ
Laser Light Engines gets IMAX funding– Putting Light on the Subject

The article above gives quotes and also points out that increasing light levels will be good for 3D. One can’t have an article about digital cinema without talking about 3D. But it is true, though not the main point.

What that Wall Street Journal article doesn’t mention, and why lasers are mentioned in this 3D article, is not due to the light increase – which will come incrementally and at great pain to the mastering process and exhibition community trying to keep up with even more changes – but rather because lasers won’t need Z-screens or fancy spinning wheels from RealD or MasterImage to make the photons spin in alternating patterns. Giving photons a rotation state is inherent in the capabilities of the laser technology. [Maintaining the rotation state still requires a silver screen, which implies bright spots and dark spots and color shift of the picture depending on where you sit. Perhaps getting more light will allow silver screens with less gain, which might mitigate their most egregious features. But like many things, this requires research – and everyone is busy with the niggling details of keeping up with growth and complying with a change toward international standards after years of transitional standards.]

MasterImage, who also had a press release this month about taking more space at Hollywood’s Raleigh Studios, and RealD are really in a fight for a piece of the home cinema 3D market…as is XpanD. The professional market has been important, and an incredible financial, political and technical operation, but if they win a segment of a growing consumer market, they could afford to lose professional cinema. At this time, the active glasses solution seem to be winning, but the race will be long and the first technology hurdles are just being overcome. Perhaps it will become easier to glue a lens to the front of the screen with enough precision that it won’t subtract from the quality and add too much to the cost, which is what is needed for the passive glasses systems. Then cheap glasses will have a chance. In today’s economy, no one stands a chance…except perhaps for THX, who notably has announced the first THX Certified 3D TV.

YouTube – CEDIA Expo 2010 – What is THX 3D Certification on the LG PX990/PX950 Plasma TVs?
YouTube – LG electronics introduces first 3D TV certified by THX

To MasterImage’s credit, and contrary to the important point in the critics criticisms of 3D in the cinema, MasterImage announced glasses that fit the faces of kids. RealD announced that they were releasing kid sized glasses for Toy Story 3. One wonders how many theaters are making this change? What a scandal that it has taken this long for developers and cinema chains, who up until now have grouped all viewers as if they had the same interpupillary distance, but thankfully that is changing. I still would recommend taking a piece of foam to cushion the bridge of the nose from the plastic, but that’s just me. 

Our picture of a recommendation is in the article:
RealD and Polaroid — Possible Promise PR

Good luck to us all.

New Accessibility Law Passes | TV, Internet and ???

“This legislation is a victory for civil rights in our increasingly digital world,” explains Andrew Imparato, AAPD’s President and CEO. “The bill makes clear that it is not okay for people with sensory disabilities to be second class citizens in 21st century America.” AAPD is the country’s largest cross-disability membership association and organizes the disability community to be a powerful voice of change—politically, economically, and socially.

The legislation requires captioned television programs to be captioned also when delivered over the Internet and requires video description on television for people with vision loss. The bill also allocates $10 million per year for communications equipment used by people who are deaf-blind, ensures emergency information is accessible to individuals who are blind or have low vision, requires accessible user interfaces on mobile browsers that connect to the Internet, and requires hearing aid compatibility of ‘smart phones,’ among several other provisions.

The passage of the “21st Century Communications” legislation is a result of five years of cooperative work by AAPD, other non-profit groups, industry, and government. Led in part by AAPD, the Coalition of Organizations for Accessible Technology (COAT) spearheaded the advocacy surrounding this effort. COAT is an organization with more than 310 member affiliates that promotes full access by people with disabilities to evolving high speed broadband, wireless and other Internet Protocol (IP) technologies. COAT’s other co-founding organizations include the National Association of the Deaf, American Council of the Blind, American Foundation for the Blind, and Communication Services for the Deaf.

“This is a major milestone in accessibility history,” said Jenifer Simpson, AAPD’s Senior Director for Government Affairs and a COAT Co-Founder and Co-Chair. “The new law will ensure more people with disabilities will not be left behind in our digital communications world.”

For more information about AAPD, visit www.AAPD.com. For more information about COAT, visit www.coataccess.org

 

# # #

 

The American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD), the country’s largest cross-disability membership organization, organizes the disability community to be a powerful voice for change – politically, economically, and socially. AAPD was founded in 1995 to help unite the diverse community of people with disabilities, including their family, friends and supporters, and to be a national voice for change in implementing the goals of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). To learn more, visit the AAPD Web site: www.aapd.com

Open Source DCP Mastering

There are two threads on the RED User forum:

Digital cinema package – how i, a computer neophyte, made an open source dcp on my ma – REDUSER.net

This one has excellent data on preparing your audio and video materials: Digital Cinema Package – REDUSER.net

Film maker Chris Perry writes the A-Z on his site as well, which he recently updated: crumbs: Making a DCP entirely with open source tools (update)

Clyde has other articles on the site, one that explains Doremi’s CineAssist version 
Doremi’s CineAssist allows for in-house 3D DCP mastering

For a myriad of other DCinema best practices, especially focused on Stereoscopic 3D, see his blog:
http://www.realvision.ae/blog 

There are many restrictions in the open source model at this point. Alternative frame rates (anything other than 24 frames) is not easy…or perhaps not even possible if you don’t have a means of creating a JPEG 2000 version of your output…which is a requirement of the DCP. 

Knut Erik Evensen‘s site promotes his DCP mastering services and he also has an article on the open source capabilities, DCPC, a frontend to open source DCP tools.

Lars Reichel has a front end for DCP creation: Digital Cinema Package Creator

No matter how much reading you do, these techniques are not simple or for those without excellent computer skills. 

Still free, but possibly not open sourced, one cannot neglect the excellent work from the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany, centering a suite of products around easyDCP, easyDCP Creator, easyDCP Player and easyDCP Workflow Plug-Ins.

The sister company of the  Aussie integrators Digital Cinema Network is the developerment group digitAll, who have introduced the dcpPlayer for the desktop computer and are soon to release dcpEncoder. (digitAll is also a sister group to Cine Tech Geek, a great place to get practical demonstrations of digital cinema equipment and concepts.)

SMPTE DCP’s are coming…

Jamie at CineTechGeek points out several of the changes coming with (and things to watch out for with) the imminent transition from the InterOp DCPs (Digital Cinema Package) to the fully compliant SMPTE DCP.

It is important to note that although he says that he has made sure that his clients are ready for the change in April 2011, not everyone needs to, or should, make the transition right away, when the transition begins. The full transition is expected to take a year and there are many reasons that changing is not optimum right away.

That doesn’t take away from the many good points that are made in this video: 
CineTechGeek » SMPTE DCP’s are coming

ASC Digital Assistant–The iPhone App

Toland (named after Gregg Toland, ASC, cinematographer of Citizen KaneThe Best Years of Our Life, Grapes of Wrath among other films, as well as being an innovator in the use of light) combines a calculator and logging interface that tracks photographic choices as they are made. Changing the camera speed will bring up feedback on how this affects running time and exposure; changing a lenses, will derive Depth of Field and Field of View updates in real time. If desired, Toland then allows a log to be created with all this information, building comprehensive camera reports throughout the process.

See more at the Toland site:

:::::: CHEMICAL WEDDING ::::::

FEATURES (from the site):

  • Comprehensive database of cameras and lenses
  • Exposure calculator covering camera speed, shutter angle & filter factor
  • Running time and footage calculator
  • “Flicker Free” warning indicator
  • Depth of Field calculator with clever focus marks
  • Angle of View indicator with pretty picture
  • Full camera data logging which can be exported for reporting
  • Pocket voodo

7 Scripts You Gotta Read

1) You can pick up on techniques that you may want to incorporate into your own writing style.

2) Reading early drafts of the films you admire reveals great lessons behind all of the revisions that were made. This is the heart of screenwriting. How well you put together a first draft means little in terms of your abilities. It’s how well you handle revisions and shape a story into greatness that proves your worth. The art of effective rewrites is what separates the amateurs from the pros.

3) I don’t believe there’s any one formula or structure for successful stories, much less one model screenplay that all writers should follow. How ridiculous is that? Each genre has its own unique set of rules and clichés. What succeeds in one story in one genre does not necessarily mean it’ll succeed in another story in another genre. However, reasons why stories fail are universal. For example,..

Mystery Man’s Seven Scripts You Gotta Read!

Also don’t miss:

Top 250 Script Downloads | myPDFscripts

IVC/Point.360 Archive Development

FilmLight announced at IBC 2010 that they will serve as the distributor of the process (given their relationship with Aaton) outside the US.

The next public presentation will be at the ACVL (Association of Cinema & Video Laboratories) of the Library of Congress on 8 October 2010, and at the SMPTE Annual Technical Conference and Expro on 26 October 2010.

 

See the White Paper (attached) and a few of the sample .jpeg and .dpx files. More are available by writing the author.

Two .dpx files can be downloaded at:

4K_Visionary_ColorCorrected.dpx

4K_Visionary_noColorCorrection.dpx

You will also notice a zip file of JPEG shots can be downloaded in addition to the White Paper.

Editshare Storage At IBC

“Ark 2.0’s tight integration with Flow creates a unique and powerful media asset protection environment at your fingertips. As you backup or archive clips, they are added automatically to the Flow database and proxy files are generated during backup if they don’t already exist. Now searching for and previewing archived or backed-up clips through the Flow Browse front end is as simple as ever. When you find what you’re looking for based on proxy files, you can start organizing clips into a sequence and then just drag them into a Restore Job. Within minutes, the full-resolution clips appear in the designated EditShare Media Space,” says Andy Liebman, Founder and CEO, EditShare. “Ark 2.0 has the intelligence to grow and expand as customers’ storage and workflow needs change. If your main storage system fails, you can activate Ark Disk 2.0, which then becomes a temporary, full-blown EditShare storage system. We are thrilled to ship Ark 2.0 at IBC 2010 and to present this remarkable asset protection system to the European market.”  

 

When combined with EditShare’s ingest, playout, storage, and asset-management products, Ark 2.0 provides the backup and archiving component of a seamless set of workflow tools that can meet the needs of virtually any broadcast, entertainment, or post-production environment. 

NEW Highlights of Ark 2.0 – Protecting Your Media Assets

• Integration with Flow for Complete Backup – Integration between Ark and Flow ensures that all archived clips now have a record in the Flow database prior to being copied to Ark. Flow scans all clips to ensure that proxy files have been created. Ark updates the Flow database to keep a record of exactly where each archived clip is located. Flow users then can search and browse all clips stored on Ark. 

• Integration with Flow for Complete Restoration of Files – Having a record in the Flow database of all archived or backed-up clips makes restoring files from Ark easier than ever. It is now possible to search or browse for clips even though high‐resolution versions are “offline” and stored only on Ark. Through Flow Browse, users can play low‐resolution proxy versions, incorporate them into sequences, and then restore the desired high‐resolution versions to any EditShare Media Space. From within Flow Browse, authorized editors can set up Restore jobs to occur instantly or at a later, scheduled time. 

• Support for Multi‐Drive Tape Libraries – Ark 2.0 supports a wide range of tape autoloaders and tape libraries that use standard LTO-4 and LTO-5 tapes. Autoloaders and libraries with multiple tape drives now can be used. 

• Activation Feature for Ark Disk – A new activation feature allows customers to utilize their Ark Disk system as a rapid failover if one of their main storage systems fails. An Ark Disk system can be used as a substitute EditShare storage system until the main system is back up and running again.  

• Improved Tape Management – The new Ark user interface graphically shows which tapes currently are loaded into a Tape Library and in exactly which slot they can be found. 

Core EditShare Ark Benefits:

• Media Asset Tracking – Archive media, bins, and sequences with metadata intact, ensuring quick searches for online and near‐line archives.

• Multi‐format Support – Backup or archive P2, XDCAM, and other file‐based media.

• Automated and Manual Backups – Schedule backups to occur in the background or during off‐peak times.

• Turn into EditShare – In the event of a main storage system failure, Ark Disk can be activated into a high‐functioning EditShare Storage Series system.

• Selected File Restore – Browse backed-up and archived clips in Flow Browse, preview their proxy files, and then restore only the high‐resolution clips you need.

EditShare will be exhibiting the new Ark solutions at the 2010 IBC Exhibition on stand 7.E20. A press briefing will be held at the booth on Sunday, September 12th, from 16:00 to 16:30.

4K; And Then There Were Two

What does this mean for exhibitors and the audience? More light, and more dark. It seems that each generation of the DLP chip constantly refines the edges of, and space between the mirrors, which refines the amount of “off” – the non-reflecting space – and makes the reflecting segments comparatively more “on”…thus a boost in the dynamic range, or “contrast” spec, which the larger size also adds to. The PR doesn’t list how the 2500:1 contrast ratio is measured, but it is a 25% increase from what Barco prints as their C Series spec of 2000:1, while Christie now specifies >2100:1 full field on/off. Presuming that everyone is using the same measuring technique, with more light, larger screens can be lit. [Side note: Barco’s spec says that it takes 32,000 BTUs per hour to get that kind of light from a 6.5kW zenon bulb, which has an average life of 900 hours. No one is saying that this advance will imply less electricity or longer life for the bulbs.]

4K is a nice number, but no one ever walks out of the theater saying that there were too few pixels. There are those who point out that the constraining factor in quadrupling the pixels from 2K to 4K is actually the lens, which can’t resolve that much resolution anyway. 

Because of the increased area, more light will reflect off the same number of micro-mirrors. Therefore, 3D should get the largest noticeable boost – 5% was the number that one OEM used. In a universe that is starting from 10 candela/meter2, 5% more light would be a greater benefit for a 3D audience than the same higher gain would bring for the 2D audience in a larger auditorium.

So, what does this chip do with a 4K 3D image? It doesn’t. We know that there was surprise when Sony announced that they were creating 3D by breaking up their LCOS imager into two 2K sections, one for each eye’s image. But there doesn’t seem to be any loss for orders after exhibitors saw the results.

TI is also keeping a 3D image at 2K, but they make the point that with this release “we will use the entire imager to display 3D in order to pass the maximum amount of light which is needed for 3D display. In other words the 2K image will be scaled up to 4K. We say, All the Imager, All the Time.”  

It makes sense to go for the increase in light, however small it is. The other part of the equation is the amount of bandwidth that can be pushed into the TI cards, but that is more math than is comfortable in this commentary on a simple press release.

References:

23 degrees…half the light. 3D What?

Laser Light Engines gets IMAX funding– Putting Light on the Subject

Optical Efficiency in Digital Cinema Projectors

3Questions – Laser Light Engines

…Like Tangents In Rain