Bigger Chips and Smaller Systems

So, what is in the coolness catalogue now. The two that everyone is talking about is the __________ and the ________, both introduced last fall and now released. Those who have to buy to fulfill a current project will do so. Those who can wait will do that, since the Red Scarlet is supposed to be just around the corner.

Red, as all good manufacturers should do, isn’t saying when the unit will be ready to ship. Jim Jennard wrote an interesting note to the RedUser Group giving an indication that there are possible delays due to the world-wide financial situation contributing to supplier problems. He says that smaller vendors get hit at times like these, not talking about themselves. 

These details remind us of certain basics in the physics of these devices and how the different components need to be matched with each other; lens, sensor, monitor, storage speed and access. They also remind us that it is never to early or late to review or learn the basics. Robert Clark has an excellent write-up on essentials at Digital Camera Sensor Performance Summary at his ClarkVision site. [Don’t slag off and miss the references at the end. There will be a test next weekend.]

Introduction [from ClarkVision site]:

Modern digital cameras contain electronic sensors that have predictable properties. Foremost among those properties is their relatively high Quantum Efficiency, or ability to absorb photons and generate electrons. Second is that the electronics are so good in most cameras, that noise is as low as 3 or 4 electrons and rarely worse than about 15 electrons from the sensor read amplifier. With the low noise and high Quantum Efficiency, along with the general properties of how the sensors collect the electrons generated from photons, it is possible to make general predictions about camera performance. …

The ideal sensor absorbs every photon, each photon would generate an electron and every electron would be collected and counted to form the image, all done with no added noise. Would images from such a camera be perfect (no noise and infinite dynamic range)? NO! All measurements of light (photons) still have inherent noise, called photon noise. The dynamic range is not infinite, but would have a maximum of the number of photons collected. For example, if you collected 1,000 photons, the dynamic range would be 1000:1 or almost 10 photographic stops.

We’ll close here so you can go to the site and learn more.


Logic is Paramount as a Studio Buys-In Directly

3. INSTALLATIONS:
(a) Exhibitor shall install at least fifty percent (50%) of the number of screens in each Exhibitor’s Complex(es), …, no later than six (6) months from the Effective Date of this Agreement.
(b) Exhibitor shall install one hundred percent (100%) of the screens in each Exhibitor’s Complex(es), …, within three (3) years from the Effective Date of this Agreement.

Now we are talking. No more lingering around. And what about 3D?

(c) Notwithstanding … Exhibitor is allowed to install as few as one (1) 3D screen in each Complex(es) as listed on Exhibit “B”.

The legalese is enough to melt the pixels from your computer screen. But given what they are trying to do, and the realities of money, it seems like a good document to launch a conversation from. There are a few twists about DCI Specification that are noteworthy should any exhibitor decide to stick their neck out and buy equipment before a spec is formalized or compliant product is available…Which. Is. Everyone., since, as we remember, the companies who will test for compliance were only recently announced and have not completed one test yet.

Exhibitor shall ensure all equipment … required by the DCI Spec will be compliant with the DCI Spec.

To the extent a hardware or software component necessary for such equipment to fully comply with the DCI Spec is not commercially available at the time of installation Exhibitor will not be obligated to develop any such components and may complete installation of such equipment as is. When the technology necessary to make Digital Systems compliant with the DCI Spec becomes commercially available from any manufacturer and whether or not any such equipment is available from the manufacturer from whom Exhibitor originally obtained the equipment,

You can smell that there is a kicker coming, can’t you? Fortunately, the streets are not as likely to be littered, as they were after the JPEG transition, with equipment that didn’t make the spec before their business model failed. It is still a risk, because…

…, Exhibitor will by the later of six (6) months after such availability upgrade or the next available window in which upgrades are permitted after such availability upgrade (it being agreed and understood that such windows generally occur between January 15 and March 31 and between September 1 and October 31, or as otherwise generally accepted in the industry), upgrade all Digital Systems to bring such Digital Systems into compliance with the DCI Spec, the costs of which shall be paid for by Exhibitor.

Well, we know that an Exhibitor is going to pound the manufacturer for some kind of guarantee that the equipment they purchase is going to get through the certifying process. And, any manufacturer is going to have to jump through those hoops. There is one hopeless TI hoop that is being allowed for, but that is the topic of another post…the good news is that (at least from Paramount’s viewpoint) there is no reason to string a pointless technical exercise on the back of this contract. 

As we digest this contract, we’ll make some more comments. Enjoy reading it yourself and mention your favorite parts…for example, I’ll close with this one, important only because we see that the parties of the first part are learning as they experience frustrations from the parties of the second part.

In the event a key fails because Exhibitor failed to provide current information (e.g., a “server swap”), Distributor will charge a fee of one hundred dollars ($100.00) for each and every time Distributor is not informed.


Labels: Paramount DCI Contract  VPF

Wow~! Agok Again

since they really needed to continue the digital cinema roll-out at CGR Cinémas in France. For a few months they had been stuck at a little over 100 (the press release says 125). One has suspected that they were left without a paddle by one of the big-shot banks which had gotten their wings clipped. (For some reason, they didn’t send out a press release about it.) But now they are saying that they have 20 million euros for completion.

20 million euros~!~!~! 300 systems~!~!~! Yet again, I am agok. The Arts Alliance Press Release went on and on about everything, but didn’t do the math. Let’s see. 20 million divided by 300 is 66,666. That is astoundingly close to the 65,000 per system that Cinedigm put forth in their press release last month as well. Except, of course, that the euro and the dollar are not trading at parity. Can that be the new cost/system number? Did we miss that press release…seems so recent that it was still over 100,000 per system.

(One hears that the Cinedigm financing came from vendors…one vendor? multiple? so, is the 9 million in trade and no cash? Who can tell? Please do~!)

Great. More research projects. Where are the products made and shipped from? Would that make a significant difference in the integrators price? Do EU taxes plus shipping make up for the difference? More on this later.

All Silent, except the 100s

The release <http://investor.accessitx.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=351951> says that the credit facility will be used to fund the launch of 137 systems for Premiere Cinema. Good for them and good luck to us all. But as much as 8.9 million dollars is, that is less than $65,000 per system; all of Cinedigm’s overhead for getting this loan and the next, all the overhead of site surveys, plus the paperwork and drawings which follow, the communications with each cinema, checking and ‘discussing’ with each cinema – making certain that the changes get done – power and air conditioning, new audio wiring, the famous telephone line and aDSL line which the cinema has to get installed, all of the technician time and the organization to get the techs and the equipment there on the right day…Oy~!

And, that doesn’t mention the equipment. Wow. $65,000 for less than 150 systems. Imagine the meeting at the vendor’s places after those requests are made. Cinedigm will be asking for prices that were probably talked about when 10,000 piece orders were contemplated. This will have to include the projector, the server, a central server no doubt and the Cinedigm Theater Management System. The freight bills alone will be significant. 


One presumes that 3D equipment is an additional expense borne by the cinema, along with such items a the BluRay devices (when will the first professional units show up?) and back-up satellite equipment, and matrix systems to put any signal on any projector. 

One presumes that Cinedigm will welcome the deal, regardless of how much it actually cost. Their profit is in the back-end, especially in the alternative entertainment which they are put together through their associated companies’ efforts. One notices a recent Turner Sports/NBA announcement on their site , promising live 3D NBA action on Saturday nights in 80 cinemas or 160 screens.
The XDC announcement is just as opaque, except that they are clear that the process is; get the VPF agreements, get some cinemas interested and signed or close to signed, then go to the bank with that deal in hand. Then, like Cinedigm, make an announcement about the money. A small difference between the two; Cinedigm says they have the money deal signed, XDC says that the ink on the paper is drying, but that the deal needs a few more approval steps. 

But the deal says that Fortis is keen on the deal and the more recent announcement from XDC is a deal for 180 sets of DCinema systems with the Portuguese chain Zon Lusomundo (an implication that the money came through), and 193 screens for the Cineplexx Chain in Austria.  (N.B.–contract value is 24 million euros, which is $32.4 million…over 3 times the $9.8 million value of the Cinedigm financing. Granted, these are not similar deals and no one knows what kind of back-end XDC has in the profits of the Cineplexx deal…though, they have been known for back-end profits on other deals. Still…)


Just a slightly tangential note on the banking situation that stands like a ghost behind all this. Fortis is a surprise player, only because they have been involved in a bit of a snag these last few months. Fortis was a Belgium/Netherlands bank, formed during a brief post-Napoleonic moment when these countries were joined. Fortis had recently bought the bank group ABN Amro, along with Spain’s Banco Santander and the Royal Bank of Scotland. They divided the assets and went their merry way. Now that some parts of the ponzi scheme known as modern banking have been exposed, it appears that Santander got the more stable bits and RBOS and Fortis got the adventurous but unstable bits. As Fortis started to buckle under the load, the Netherlands nationalized the Fortis Bank portion that was in Netherlands (for 26 billion euros) and the Paris bank BNP took over the Belge and Luxembourg parts of Fortis (for 14 billion euros.) 


All this took place during the week before 6 October, and the Fortis/XDC release is dated the 13th…and is now followed by the action in Portugal. So it looks like people kept their eye on the ball and made it happen regardless. This is in contrast to the DCIP/Hollywood Studios deal which was announced and then got lost in the financial malaise that is now the US. 
As a last side note, I am unable to wrap my head or enough time into figuring out the Bank of Scotland/Royal Bank of Scotland situation…and which one did the financing of some dcinema systems…all which seem to be stalled for the last few months. Both banks were in severe trouble and needed government help recently. The google record is confusing and without inside info, I am confused.

Training Sites–Exhibition

As digital cinema exhibition makes the transition from a science project to a commercially viable network of locations and activities, there are several places to learn the basics. 

Each year, for example, the EU/Italian group Media Salles holds a D-Cinema Training. The last few were in England, and the next course will be in Finland in 2010. Details are available at their site, Media Salles Training. Media Salles is also a member of the EDCF, the European Digital Cinema Forum, which has information from their many meetings available to the public. If you become a member, you can download even more information, including pdf files of their two magazines on Mastering and Alternative Content. 

Barco has a complete schedule of classes. Harry Mathias at DCMP also holds classes on demand. 

Learning Online

Another consulting group with an enormous amount of information on DCinema, ranging from history to politics and emerging technology is Michael Karagosian’s MKPE Site. Look especially at the different topics under the menu pull down marked Digital Cinema.

The group Film Tech is a great resource for documentation, and sprinkled throughout is information on DCinema. There are also several dcinema forums where projectionists discuss the good and bad that they have found in the booth.  In the same vein, of a film-centric site making the transition to providing digital information, is the Mad Cornish Projectionist. Humour abounds. 

A phenomenal group of videos from Disney Digital Cinema give essential data to a projectionist on how to handle digital movies, especially 3D. Likewise, there is a terrific site of very instructive movies at the site of the Cine Tech Geek

The real essentials of Digital Cinema are conveyed in the hundreds of pages of documents at DCI Movies. That site contains the Digital Cinema Specifications and the System Specification Compliance Test Plan. Anyone who reads them all gets bonus points. NATO also has an important document, the Digital Cinema System Requirements (pdf), which goes through many technical digital cinema points from the exhibitor’s viewpoint.

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Science & Technology Council has a downloadable paper named The Digital Dilemma which brings out much of the data concerning long term storage of digital productions. 

More simply and in a Socratic way, working through the Digital Cinema Naming Convention will give a lot of information, and also help organize the data with the relevance to other information. In the same way, the powerpoint at the Harkness Screens site aligns many important points.

Last but hopefully not least, The Directory of DCinema Glossaries on this site lists a number of sites which are filled with DCinema data from the acquisition/camera, post production and exhibition fields. In full disclosure, DCinemaTools is part of the DCinemaCompliance Group, with training and compliance plans as described in this document: Coordinating DCinema Training and Compliance. The link below (seen only if you are logged in) will download the same file.

Please mention other resources as you find them in the comments.

20,000 Explosion…now 28,000

Some press articles said that they are both working on a seperate deal with DCIP. Sony, being a manufacturer and studio is in a different position than the others, so this is understandable. Warners, no one can figure out. The rightfully say that they have done as much anyone to get digital cinema evolving, but except for XDC, they haven’t signed a VPF deal.

 

The studios that are in this set of accords are Twentieth Century Fox, Walt Disney Motion Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studios and Lionsgate Films.

[Edit: Sony DCSS has announced a VPF deal with Fox, Paramount and Sony Pictures. The release doesn’t specify a number. It appears that Sony is offering their own financing package. And, there is another announcement from Kodak that they have a VPF package for 8,000 screens with Paramount.]

The financiers for the DCIP packages are J.P. Morgan, the investment banking arm of JPMorgan Chase and The Blackstone Group. GE Financial, with 80% ownership of Universal and the financier of the earlier largest deployment of DCinema systems (by AccessIT/Christie) was not mentioned.

What is mentioned in the press release is that these seperate long term agreements are for 20,000 screens in North America, while DCIP’s website establishes the partners with only 14,000. Cinemark does have 1,030 cinemas in Central and South America (11 of which have been deployed with DCinema systems according to Bill Mead’s article in Film Journal International.) What are the implications of adding 6,000 additional screens to the numbers? except that DCIP will offer its integration capabilities to other chains. The press release uses the phrasing “to nearly 20,000 movie theatre screens across North America, including…” the 3 partners.

NATO issued a release applauding the DCIP Agreement (which possibly should be referred to in the plural, since the DCIP release mentions ‘agreements’ and ‘seperate agreements’ several times…except in the heading.) NATO continued by expressing encouragement for “similar deal with smaller exhibitors.”

This confuses a previously understood situation, in that the smaller exhibitors were assisted by NATO in forming the Cinema Buying Group. This group then selected AccessIT as the vendor to equip and service their installations. AccessIT had 3 weeks previous announced agreements with Disney, Fox, Paramount, and Universal for 10,000 US and Canada screens worth of VPF. (A long term deal with Lion’s Gate was announced the following month.) Why is NATO encouraging a similar deal for small exhibitors when small exhibitors have access through AccessIT, who provide several layers of benefit to both the exhibitors and studios?

There are other interesting implications and questions that this deal brings up.

With 4,500 North American screens already installed and 14,000 going direct to the studios in this deal, and 8,000 going though AccessIT in the CBG deal, that’s 28,000 of approximately 41,000 screens in the US and Canada. Are the owners of these screens just waiting in the wings? If DCIP does there own supply and installation contracting, and if they complete their DCDC distribution infrastructure plans, is there enough business left over to keep AccessIT investors happy? to support other groups, for example Technicolor? Kodak? both of whom have a couple hundred systems installed. The significance of the additional 6,000 screens handled by DCIP must loom large in their plans.

And what of equipment manufacturers. Will a large sale like this promote the use of single vendors, or will several different brands of servers and projectors be used? The latter would promote interoperability point that NATO has detailed in their DCinema System Requirements.

One thing not mentioned in the press release is time of deployment. How many quality lenses can be crafted every month?

Nothwithstanding all this, such a major agreement is a welcome relief in an industry which has invested a lot of un-recouped engineering, exposition/marketing, and standards development effort, time and money.

The titans have sat at the table and made their deals. Now the exciting part of implementation can begin.

CineCert Gets DCI Cert Nod

– DCI announced today that there will be 3 places to send your gear to: CineCert (contact John Hurst), DMC/Keio University in Tokyo, Japan (contact Naoshisa Ohta) and Media Innovation Center of Venice, Italy (contact Angelo D ‘Alessio). The press release is here.]
John made the point,

It should be clear that we will issue a ‘report of compliance’. This is not ‘certification’, which is a charged word, with specific meaning.
In addition, we understand that there will be other announcements about contracts with other labs from DCI in the near future.

Why is this important? There are a few reasons.

Primarily, clients who are involved with VPF agreements obligate themselves to use DCI Compliant equipment. If they don’t, then they can get cut off. This has happened before when early-adopting customers of Avica or XDC could not get movies because their servers couldn’t play JPEG 2000…only MPEG-2.

And consider the poor manufacturer who has to promise that their equipment is DCI Compliant. If they are a public company, they are wary of making such statements since Sarbanes-Oxley regulations prohibit them from taking profit on items that have unknown liabilities. Not having anyone to test for certification puts them in a difficult ‘unknown liabilities’ situation.

And, finally, for the industry itself. In olden times, one recieved a film and one did the best possible with it. The Laws of Physics decreed that the film would degrade, but there was little that the cinema could do to keep the quality up.

Digital can change that. Light, Color, White Point…all those fun SMPTE Standards can be checked for and maintained. (Link to a list in pdf of all completed SMPTE DCinema Documents.) Equipment known to be compliant is the first step to a better picture (and sound~!) for us all, and a level playing field for all cinemas.

Part Two; the implemation of a set of standard quality control procedures built into the cinema’s processes. You can read about that at our sister company’s site: DCinemaCompliance

3Questions – Doremi’s Streamer

Using extended SPL, they can decode the HDTV stream and play it over Cinelink II to the 2K projector. This solution supports 2D and also 3D encoded with Sensio.

Question 2: Is this a standard option? And can current owners upgrade to include this feature?

STREAMER is an option that can be added at any time to a configuration.

Question 3: We imagine that eventually, a cinema complex will need several satellite feeds, and back-ups for those feeds. Can the Streamer take more than one feed? If there is a failure with a feed, can it automatically roll-over to a 2nd source.

In current version, we take only one satellite feed but this TS can have several broadcast channels so the DCP2000 players can select various channels.

Is an editorial appropriate here? OK; as you can tell, our feeling is that the future cinema infrastucture will be very sophisticated. There will be many different inputs that need to be correctly, quickly and securely routed to the different screening rooms…much like a modern post-production facility does. We therefore applaud the foresight that this valuable option that the Doremi Streamer presents.

Concepts in Exhibition…Making money with Digital

As Andreas Gronarz of Sanyo points out, a less expensive projector with a less expensive bulb can more easily play a variety of inputs (commercials usually come in MPEG2 and MPEG4), from a less expensive server, and without the trauma extra steps of the encryption process.

Local commercials aren’t difficult to create. A Blackmagic card in a decent computer can ingest most anything and send it out HD-SDI. A camera, some talent in front of it, a little practice and voilà, extra income and a service to the community.
This forum begins today, dedicated to the exchange of ideas in our dcinema community about the successes and trials and thoughts about adding more to the d-cinema movie server/projector chain.

We’ll provide space for manufacturer editorial, we’ll jot down a few of our ideas, but what we really hope to inspire is real life lessons that will get us all down the road more efficiently. The curtain opens, and it is your stage. Thanks in advance for your participation.

3D Event Consultants Dream…and Nightmare

It all came together. That’s the good news. And the data gathered told some stories.

The first is that there are some oxen that might get gored…evidenced by how some people’s opinions stood markedly aligned with the equipment capabilities of their respective (and respected) companies.   

The second story is that the future doesn’t have to frighten those early projector-buying pioneers (who have enough arrows in their backs). In the case of mastering, so this author dares to say he heard almost unanimously, higher luminance is better – and up to ‘some’ level (this is where the variance of opinion took place) there was benefit to the playback regardless of the capabilities of the projector.

But those pieces of data is not what this piece is about. This piece means to tell the story of a half-dozen people pulled together a stunt that couldn’t have been done by many others, which attracted hundreds of people, and which was done for free.

The topic was brought up at a general meeting in January. A few comments were made that it sounded like a good idea, and the chairman took that as enough backing to assemble a team of volunteers…meaning really, 3 or 4 people…and a date…meaning really, 8-10 weeks. Then made shorter to fit it in before ShoWest. 

As the Chairman, Jerry Pierce, put it, “Dolor dapibus Phasellus id Aenean rhoncus Maecenas Nunc pellentesque In convallis. Porttitor fringilla sed natoque Aliquam wisi Sed tempus pretium pretium Pellentesque. Sed congue at magna nunc sociis gravida Donec elit accumsan nonummy. Lacinia mauris nunc malesuada sed laoreet elit ipsum malesuada Aenean nunc. Commodo mus nibh ac congue Aliquam orci Donec semper ipsum elit. Mattis lacus.”

Mattis lacus, indeed. 

“Pellentesque pede tincidunt tellus lorem ultrices enim”, quiped an engish engineer who has done these types of things before for the BBC and others. “Tristique tincidunt sem pretium. Mollis euismod lacinia et Curabitur orci pellentesque eget Vestibulum Duis penatibus.

It is possible that Kevin Wines knew what he was getting into, even if unpaid. “Vestibulum Donec id congue fames auctor interdum mauris auctor tellus cursus. Odio interdum Aenean interdum egestas vitae pellentesque dictum diam nec feugiat, et Modern Video est risus dui consequat commodo nibh Donec at risus condimentum Quisque.

That’s pretty consistent with Modern Video’s reputation. They did a lot of favors and did them well. One wonders if there will be an article written about volunteers like Marvin Hall and Mark Smirnoff from MVF.  

David Reisner, another of the unpaid and the keeper of the documentation and meeting notes laffed; “Rutrum tincidunt tincidunt porttitor ridiculus Vestibulum et semper vitae Vestibulum urna.”

A lot of manufacturers chipped in as well. Often they have as much to lose as to gain from an effort like this. But this is a note about the unpaid, people like Harry Mathias and Walt Orway who stood ready to act given any circumstance…and like all the others above, paying for travel and hotels and dinners away, and phone calls and hours of meetings…they made it happen and happen well. And it wasn’t the first time for any of them.

The Hugh Heinsohn Report

Net Insight: South Hall, Upper Level, Stand SU1000. Net Insight has built its reputation around the world by developing and deploying systems that enable broadcasters, production companies, post-production houses, cable systems, and IPTV services to deliver perfect pictures and sound over telecommunications networks. Net Insight’s platform supports both IP and SONET networks and provides 100% guaranteed Quality of Service with extremely high (98+%!) bandwidth utilization. They are introducing a new set of high capacity IP modules for their Nimbra platform this year that let broadcasters transport 1080p video (and any format using less bandwidth) over IP networks. 

 

Edgeware: Central Hall, Stand C1657. Edgeware makes a really interesting flash memory-based VOD server for enterprise IT, IPTV and cable applications. They’ll be showing a revolutionary new server that dramatically reduces co-location, power and rack space costs for CDNs and service providers by as much as 90% when compared to nearest competition. The Edgeware servers are truly unique and they are rapidly gaining acceptance throughout the world in major deployments. 

 

Image Systems: South Hall, Lower Level, Stand SL7713. Image Systems will be exhibiting in the Photo-Sonics stand. They have a really interesting new 2K/4K film scanner called the GoldenEye. It’s small, economical and handles 16mm and 35mm film. The scanner uses a capstan-based movement, which results in less wear of the film and perforations and allows the scanner to handle archive film that may have shrunk or have damaged perforations.

 

Cobalt Digital: North Hall, Stand N3718. Cobalt makes an excellent line of conversion products. Their new line of OpenGear products are compatible with OpenGear frames and modules from other manufacturers. Cobalt produces some of the highest quality equipment on the show floor – stuff you can really count on. They have an incredibly comprehensive line, including UDC conversion, color correction, frame sync, audio embedding/de-embedding, audio delay, Dolby® decoding, and remote control panel operation.


Hugh R Heinsohn is founder of Hughcan.com LLC, a broadcast-centric, entertainment technologies marketing/implementation and consulting group. Hugh says that he can be followed on Twitter, which is something my mother warned me about…but which a lot of people swear by: Follow me on Twitter


+1 503 360 4844   
[email protected]    www.hughcan.com

 

Senate Legislation Would Federalize Cybersecurity

[Editor] Not discounting privacy and other issues, let’s remember that all DCinema systems are private networks, by any definition…and most are or will be connected to the internet via satellite or optical fibre, or the private phone line modem.

Second, if anyone is following the conversations about the hopes of DCinema and ADA compliance for HI and VI captioning and who might wonder if the government will get involved…perhaps this article will seem interesting…and again, notwithstanding the merits of the idea that there should be standards and they should be monitored. 

Returning to the article…

Currently, government responsibility for cybersecurity is split: The Pentagon and the National Security Agency safeguard military networks, while the Department of Homeland Security provides assistance to private networks. Previous cybersecurity initiatives have largely concentrated on reducing the vulnerability of government and military computers to hackers.

A 60-day federal review of the nation’s defenses against computer-based attacks is underway, and the administration has signaled its intention to incorporate private industry into those defenses in an unprecedented way.

Read the entire article at: <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/31/AR2009033103684.html>

“People say this is a military or intelligence concern, but it’s a lot more than that,” Rockefeller, a former intelligence committee chairman, said in an interview. …

U.S. intelligence officials have warned that a sustained attack on private computer networks …

The Rockefeller-Snowe measure would create the Office of the National Cybersecurity Adviser,…

The proposal would also mandate an ongoing, quadrennial review of the nation’s cyberdefenses….

Last week, Director of National Intelligence Dennis C. Blair told reporters that one agency should oversee …

“The taxpayers of this country have spent enormous sums developing a world-class capability…

Blair acknowledged there will be privacy concerns about centralizing cybersecurity, …

…Like Tangents In Rain